Among whom we all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind. – Ephesians 2:3
After affirming that the previous section was explicitly about Gentiles, Paul returns to a universal gaze. “We all” are the Jews. They were among, in proximity, the “sons of disobedience” (Eph 2:2). Though the Jews did not share the title due to their covenant status, they did share the disease. Sin permeates everyone’s body and mind since all, Jews and Gentiles, have sinned (Rom 3:23). And all are children of wrath. In this way the Jews were just like the “rest of mankind.”